[54] When Reuben Fenton won the 1864 election for governor, Arthur requested reappointment; Fenton and Arthur were from different factions of the Republican Party, and Fenton had already committed to appointing another candidate, so Arthur did not return to military service. [101] In September 1879 Arthur became Chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee, a post in which he served until October 1881. Arthur left office in 1885 and returned to his New York City home. "Men may die, but the fabric of free . Arthur urged Congress to increase funding for Native American education, which it did in 1884, although not to the extent he wished. The Senate ratifies the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the care of wounded war personnel. After James Garfield was assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States. Brode Herndon, Arthur's physician, writes in his private diary, The President sick in body and soul. Arthur had been diagnosed that year with Bright's disease, a fatal kidney ailment; his health will deteriorate rapidly while being kept secret from the general public. [78] He got along with his subordinates and, since Murphy had already filled the staff with Conkling's adherents, he had few occasions to fire anyone. Chester Alan Arthur was born October 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont. The family remained in Fairfield until 1832. His father was a preacher. The United States participates in an international conference establishing standard time. The digital collections of the Library of Congress contain a wide variety of material associated with Chester A. Arthur, including the Chester Alan Arthur Papers. Chester A. Arthur's Civil War Service Before the Civil War Arthur joined the state militia in 1858 as a means of forming political connections. The Democratic National Convention meets in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice president, respectively. As a young boy, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich, New York, before enrolling at the Union College in 1845. In a special message to Congress, Arthur asks the legislature to appropriate funds for naval reconstruction work. American Presidents Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. "[129] Guiteau was found to be mentally unstable, and despite his claims to be a Stalwart supporter of Arthur, they had only a tenuous connection that dated from the 1880 campaign. The two became associates within New York Republican party circles, eventually rising in the ranks of the conservative branch of the party dominated by Thurlow Weed. [182] He followed the same pattern in other Southern states, forging coalitions with independents and Greenback Party members. Diseases And Disabilities. [144], In the 1870s, a scandal was exposed, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials (including Second Assistant Postmaster General Thomas J. Brady and former senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey). To Consent to the Nomination of Theodore Roosevelt as Collector of Customs at New York. [182] Some black Republicans felt betrayed by the pragmatic gambit, but others (including Frederick Douglass and ex-Senator Blanche K. Bruce) endorsed the administration's actions, as the Southern independents had more liberal racial policies than the Democrats. [182] Arthur agreed, and directed the federal patronage in Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans. As the economy soured after the Panic of 1873, Chinese immigrants were blamed for depressing workmen's wages; in reaction Congress in 1879 attempted to abrogate the 1868 treaty by passing the Chinese Exclusion Act, but President Hayes vetoed it. $1.25. [119] Candidates for high office did not personally campaign in those days, but as state Republican chairman, Arthur played a part in the campaign in his usual fashion: overseeing the effort in New York and raising money. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. [108] Neither candidate commanded a majority of delegates and, deadlocked after thirty-six ballots, the convention turned to a dark horse, James A. Garfield, an Ohio Congressman and Civil War general who was neither Stalwart nor Half-Breed. Born in an read more, Ellen Arthur (1837-80) was the wife of Chester A. Arthur, 21st president of the United States, though she never served as first lady because she died of pneumonia before her husband assumed office. Political corruption permeated American . Arthur, a Republican, had been vice president for 199 days when he succeeded to the presidency. In an era of political machines and the patronage system of political appointments, Republican political boss Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), a U.S. senator from New York, was instrumental in helping Arthur obtain the important position, which controlled some 1,000 employees. [66] Arthur had a better reputation than Murphy, but reformers still criticized the patronage structure and the moiety system as corrupt. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. "[219] Indeed, Howe had earlier surmised, "Arthur adopted [a code] for his own political behavior but subject to three restraints: he remained to everyone a man of his word; he kept scrupulously free from corrupt graft; he maintained a personal dignity, affable and genial though he might be. This lesson will examine the major events of Chester A. Arthur's presidency. The Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born. [175], Chandler appointed an advisory board to prepare a report on modernization, whose goal was to create a Navy that would protect America thousands of miles away, rather than just coastal waters. Chester, or Chet, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 Dignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur looked like a president. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. They wanted some sort of reforms. [55], Arthur returned to practicing law, and with the help of additional contacts made in the military, he and the firm of Arthur & Gardiner flourished. North Fairfield Baptist Church 5964 Duffy Hill Road, Fairfield, Vermont [196] Business leaders supported him, as did Southern Republicans who owed their jobs to his control of the patronage, but by the time they began to rally around him, Arthur had decided against a serious campaign for the nomination. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. 9. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. "[5] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. General Chester Arthur's Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863. [148] The second trial began in December 1882 and lasted until July 1883 and, again, did not result in a guilty verdict. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. [200] Gray would serve on the Court for over 20 years until resigning in 1902. Chester A. Arthur - Key Events March 4, 1881 Arthur Becomes Vice President Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. Some older sources list the date as October 5, 1830. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). Summary of President Chester Arthur for Kids: "Walrus" Summary: Chester Arthur (1829-1886), nicknamed the "Walrus" or "The Dude President", was the 21st American President and served in office from 1881-1885. [153] The commission issued its first rules in May 1883; by 1884, half of all postal officials and three-quarters of the Customs Service jobs were to be awarded by merit. [155] Arthur agreed with his party, and in 1882 called for the abolition of excise taxes on everything except liquor, as well as a simplification of the complex tariff structure. [1] [205], After spending the summer of 1886 in New London, Connecticut, he returned home where he became seriously ill, and on November 16, ordered nearly all of his papers, both personal and official, burned. It was striking to us that it seemed like common knowledge to all that Chester A. Arthur was born in Waterville and the historical storyline was compelling. Burt. [194] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. [151], At first, the act applied only to 10% of federal jobs and, without proper implementation by the president, it could have gone no further. France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. He had no vice president during his term in office. Congress passes the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. 10 Interesting Facts About Chester Arthur 10. The act is designed to ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and drive down wages. Arthur was born October 5, 1829, in Vermont and died November 18, 1886, in New York. Recognizing the disgraceful state of the U.S. Navy, Arthur signs a bill appropriating funds for the Navy's first steel vessels. [185] Arthur did, however, effectively intervene to overturn a court-martial ruling against a black West Point cadet, Johnson Whittaker, after the Judge Advocate General of the Army, David G. Swaim, found the prosecution's case against Whittaker to be illegal and based on racial bias. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. [205] He managed a few public appearances until the end of 1885. Typically, these jobs were dispensed to adherents of the political machine responsible for appointing the Collector. After leaving office in 1885, Arthur returned to New York City and rejoined his law practice Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. [96], Arthur's job was spared only until July 1878, when Hayes took advantage of a Congressional recess to fire him and Cornell, replacing them with the recess appointment of Merritt and Silas W. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency. [204] His health limited his activity with the firm, and Arthur served only of counsel. In 1848, after graduating from Union College, he taught at Schaghticoke in Rensselaer County. Before 1880, Chester Arthur was a minor New York City politician who was a protg of Sen. Roscoe Conkling of the Empire State. Chester A. Arthur's four-year presidency is often overlooked by historians. [167], A more contentious debate materialized over the status of Chinese immigrants; in January 1868, the Senate had ratified the Burlingame Treaty with China, allowing an unrestricted flow of Chinese into the country. Why Did Zachary Taylor Oppose the Compromise of 1850? In the federal presidential election, Grover Cleveland defeats James G. Blaine. Entering the territory by crossing the Missouri at St. Joseph, they came down to the west side of the river to Leavenworth, where they remained and investigated . His mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was born in New Hampshire. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). Congress passes a bill repealing the 1862 test oath, which required office holders to swear they had never engaged in illegal or disloyal conduct. Congress passes the Contract Labor Law, also known as the Foran Act, which virtually outlaws alien contract labor. In the general election, Garfield and Arthur defeated Democratic nominee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and his running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into office on March 4, 1881. His first son died suddenly when he was only three years old. [179] Even without the additional ships, the state of the Navy improved when, after several construction delays, the last of the new ships entered service in 1889. [166] In July 1882 Congress easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the United States. However, after President Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, he passed away on September 19 in the year of 1881. [40] In 1852, Arthur moved again, to Cohoes, New York, to become the principal of a school at which his sister, Malvina, was a teacher. After Rutherford Hayes became president, he ousted Arthur from the job in 1878 in an attempt to reform the New York Custom House and spoils system. Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont. Create an account to start this course today. [108] Their opponents in the Republican party, known as Half-Breeds, concentrated their efforts on James G. Blaine, a senator from Maine who was more amenable to civil service reform. [72] The Collector was responsible for hiring hundreds of workers to collect the tariffs due at the United States' busiest port. [156] After conference with the Senate, the bill that emerged only reduced tariffs by an average of 1.47%. [93] Hayes then submitted the appointment of Theodore Roosevelt Sr., L. Bradford Prince, and Edwin Merritt (all supporters of Conkling's rival William M. Evarts) to the Senate for confirmation as their replacements. Chester A. Arthur | Presidents of the United States (POTUS) Chester A. Arthur 1 2 3 4 5 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York Father: William Arthur (1796-1875) Rational Irrationality, Caplan's Rational Irrationality: Definition & Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Limiting Immigration: Arthur signed the 1882, Building a Modern Navy: Known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' Arthur oversaw the building and expansion of the U.S. Navy, including the establishment of the. He asked the cabinet members to remain until December, when Congress would reconvene, but Treasury Secretary William Windom submitted his resignation in October to enter a Senate race in his home state of Minnesota. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. Mary Ruth teaches college history and has a PhD. Chester A. Arthur 21st United States President Previous Next In office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar. The President Chester A. Arthur State Historic Site was the first historic site owned by the State of Vermont. The family finally settled in the Schenectady, New York area. [173] Garfield's Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt advocated reform of the Navy. Nine men are indicted for defrauding the government in a postal scam, an episode that becomes known as the Star-Route Scandal; the trial begins on June 1. Arthur and Governor Cleveland walked across the bridge along with the 7th regiment as part of the celebration. This law created a 10-year ban on all Chinese immigration to the United States and prohibited Chinese immigrants already in the country from becoming U.S. citizens. [60] In the presidential election of 1864, Arthur and Murphy raised funds from Republicans in New York, and they attended the second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. [205][q] The next morning, Arthur suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and never regained consciousness. **PRE-ORDER** The Chester House from Dept 56 Christmas Vacation Snow Village **SHIPS LATE NOVEMBER** $149. [132] Arthur was reluctant to be seen acting as president while Garfield lived, and for the next two months there was a void of authority in the executive office, with Garfield too weak to carry out his duties, and Arthur reluctant to assume them. [51] He had an opportunity to serve at the front when the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment elected him commander with the rank of colonel early in the war, but at Governor Morgan's request, he turned it down to remain at his post in New York. [140] Arthur then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York Stalwart as Windom's replacement. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. Son: Chester Alan Arthur, Jr. (socialite . Chester Alan Arthur was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st President of the United States (1881-85); he succeeded James A. Garfield upon the latter's assassination. [182] Having won an election in that state on a platform of more education funding (for black and white schools alike) and abolition of the poll tax and the whipping post, many northern Republicans saw the Readjusters as a more viable ally in the South than the moribund southern Republican party. Getty Images / Library of Congress / Contributor. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/chester-a-arthur. Chandler, an aggressive administrator, purged the Navy of wood-and-canvas warship supporters and created the Naval War College. [67] Arthur began to devote more of his time to politics and less to law, and in 1869 he became counsel to the New York City Tax Commission, appointed when Republicans controlled the state legislature. Chester A. Arthur served as America's twenty-first president from September 19, 1881, to March 4, 1885. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. [195], As the 1884 presidential election approached, James G. Blaine was considered the favorite for the Republican nomination, but Arthur, too, contemplated a run for a full term as president. [179] Democrats turned against the "New Navy" projects and, when they won control of the 48th Congress, refused to appropriate funds for seven more steel warships. Arthur issues a proclamation recommending the observance of the 100th anniversary of General George Washington returning his commission as commander-in-chief to the Continental Congress. [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. [191], Shortly after becoming president, Arthur was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a kidney ailment now referred to as nephritis. [184], Other federal action on behalf of blacks was equally ineffective: when the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), Arthur expressed his disagreement with the decision in a message to Congress, but was unable to persuade Congress to pass any new legislation in its place. [149] Both Democratic and Republican leaders realized that they could attract the votes of reformers by turning against the spoils system and, by 1882, a bipartisan effort began in favor of reform. The Republican National Convention meets in Chicago. The son of an Irish-born Baptist minister who had immigrated to the U.S., Chester Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, in 1829. [60] He was hired by Thomas Murphy, a Republican politician, but also a friend of William M. Tweed, the boss of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. "[154], With high revenue held over from wartime taxes, the federal government had collected more than it spent since 1866; by 1882 the surplus reached $145 million. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes the twenty-first President of the United States The assassin, Guiteau, will be hanged on June 30, 1882. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of . Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban. [181] One crack in the solidly Democratic South emerged with the growth of a new party, the Readjusters, in Virginia. [210], Several Grand Army of the Republic posts were named for Arthur, including Goff, Kansas,[211] Lawrence, Nebraska,[212] Medford, Oregon,[213] and Ogdensburg, Wisconsin. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was a politician of the United States who served as the twenty-first President. [176] Based on the suggestions in the report, Congress appropriated funds, signed into law by Arthur, for the construction of three steel protected cruisers (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago) and an armed dispatch-steamer (Dolphin), collectively known as the ABCD Ships or the Squadron of Evolution. For his son, see. On graduation, he went on to study law. [180] Chandler scrapped costly outdated vessels, exclaiming he did his "best work in destroying the old navy. Kaschig, Merit. [39] While studying law, he continued teaching, moving closer to home by taking a job at a school in North Pownal, Vermont. PDF. "[76], The Senate confirmed Arthur's appointment; as Collector he controlled nearly a thousand jobs and received compensation as great as any federal officeholder. [82] As a result, his income dropped to $12,000 a yearmore than his nominal boss, the Secretary of the Treasury, but far less than what he had previously received. Two months before the end of his term, several New York Stalwarts approached him to request that he run for United States Senate, but he declined, preferring to return to his old law practice at Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. [157], Congress attempted to balance the budget from the other side of the ledger, with increased spending on the 1882 Rivers and Harbors Act in the unprecedented amount of $19 million. A President 20 years until resigning in 1902 a special message to Congress Arthur... States, forging coalitions with independents and Greenback Party members to better Arthur. Then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York City and rejoined his practice! That treaty allowed only a `` reasonable '' suspension of immigration House from Dept 56 Christmas Vacation Snow *! 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The death of President James Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich New. [ 180 ] chandler scrapped costly outdated vessels, exclaiming he did his `` best in!

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